According to the Ministry of Jal Shakti (data 2024), India is facing alarming levels of groundwater stress, with the national average groundwater extraction at 60.5% of available resources.

Most Stressed States: •Punjab – 156.9% (highest extraction) •Rajasthan – 149.9% •Haryana – 136.0% •Delhi – 100.8% Moderately Stressed States: •Tamil Nadu – 74.3% •Gujarat – 54.2% •Kerala – 53.8% •Odisha – 48.2% The data highlights that Punjab and Rajasthan are the most over-exploited, extracting significantly more groundwater than their annual recharge potential.